JavaScript Methods

Methods指的是object中，包含了function defined的property。

var me = {
  name: 'Azer',
  age: 18,
  introduce: function() {
    return "My name is " + this.name + ", I'm " + this.age + " years old.";    
  }
}

在JavaScript中 所有的function其實都是method，
如果某個function不屬於一個object，
這個function就是屬於global object。

The JavaScript call() Method

在一般情況下沒辦使用別的object的method，

var me = {
  name: 'Gururinbo',
  age: 18,
  maho: function() {
    return "My name is " + this.name + ", I'm " + this.age + " years old.";    
  }
}

var you = {
  name: 'Mumi',
  age: 18,
  introduce: function() {
    return "My name is " + this.name + ", I'm " + this.age + " years old.";    
  }
}

you.maho(); //you.maho is not a function

系統會告訴你 you.maho is not a function，
如果使用 call() 就可以調用(invoke)別的object的method了。

me.maho.call(you) //My name is Mumi, I'm 18 years old.
you.introduce.call(me) //My name is Gururinbo, I'm 18 years old.

The call() Method with Arguments

如果要傳入 argument也是允許的：

var me = {
  name: 'Gururinbo',
  age: 18,
  maho: function(location) {
    return "My name is " + this.name + ", I'm " + this.age + " years old. Live in " + location + ".";    
  }
}

var you = {
  name: 'Mumi',
  age: 18,
  introduce: function() {
    return "My name is " + this.name + ", I'm " + this.age + " years old.";    
  }
}

me.maho.call(you, "Taiwan"); // My name is Mumi, I'm 18 years old. Live in Taiwan.

The JavaScript apply() Method

apply()和call()的用法其實很類似，
用剛剛的例子：

console.log(you.introduce.apply(me)); //My name is Gururinbo, I'm 18 years old.

可以得到相同的結果，
而兩者的不同之處在於，
apply()的argument必須要是array。

var me = {
  name: 'Gururinbo',
  age: 18,
  maho: function(location, area) {
    return "My name is " + this.name + ", I'm " + this.age + " years old. Live in " + location + " " + area + ".";    
  }
}

var you = {
  name: 'Mumi',
  age: 18,
  introduce: function() {
    return "My name is " + this.name + ", I'm " + this.age + " years old.";    
  }
}

me.maho.apply(you, "Taiwan", "Taipei");
// CreateListFromArrayLike called on non-object

如果傳的不是array，會丟出錯誤訊息。
將argument改為array，

me.maho.apply(you, ["Taiwan", "Taipei"])
// My name is Mumi, I'm 18 years old. Live in Taiwan Taipei.

var locate = ["Taiwan", "Keelung"]
me.maho.apply(you, locate);
// My name is Mumi, I'm 18 years old. Live in Taiwan Keelung.